乡土物种补播对青藏高原高寒草甸群落稳定性的影响

为了探究高寒草甸天然草地补播乡土物种对草地群落稳定性的影响，本试验以垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）、异针茅（Stipa aliena）、中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）、溚草（Koeleria cristata）、星星草（Puccinellia tenuiflora）、扁蓿豆（Melissitus rutenica）、冷地早熟禾（Poa crymophila）为试验材料，设置5种混播组合，于2017年在青海省贵南县天然草地上进行补播。试验采用方差比率法（Variance ratio，VR）、M.Godron贡献定率法（Contribution law）以及生物量稳定性分析方法，结果表明：5种组合补播后使得群落联结性降低、生物量稳定性增大，群落整体稳定性增强，正向着稳定方向发展；5种组合中，组合D （扁蓿豆+星星草+垂穗披碱草+异针茅+溚草）的生物量稳定性最大，是对草地恢复最有效的物种组合。本试验筛选出了对草地生态修复最有效的物种组合，为草地保护及利用提供了科学依据。     

阔叶红松林的生物量和营养元素含量的研究

一、研究内容和方法我们于1985—1987年对小兴安岭阔叶红松林的生物量进行了研究。生物量的测定是在凉水自然保护区的阔叶红松林内进行的。林龄220年,组成8红2椴,林分平均高23.1m,平均直径37.4cm。其中红松平均高27.2m,平均直径45.2cm,密度622株/ha,针     

混合接种菌根真菌对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响

通过温室盆栽接种试验,研究了蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)、弯丝硬囊霉(Sclerocystic sinosa)及二者混合接种(分别记为Am、Ss和Am-Ss)对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响.结果表明:丛枝菌根的形成促进了喜树幼苗的生长,菌根幼苗的生物量优于无菌根幼苗,混合接种Am-Ss的菌根幼苗显著高于无菌根幼苗和单接种的菌根幼苗.丛枝菌根形成影响了喜树幼苗的喜树碱代谢,菌根幼苗根、叶片和全株的喜树碱含量均显著高于无菌根幼苗,并且混合接种处理的喜树幼苗喜树碱含量最高.     

杉木林杆材阶段能量积累和分配的研究

目前森林生态系统生产力的研究 ,多以干物质量作为指标 ,这对深入了解生态系统的功能 ,生态效益都有一定的局限性。必须把生物量与能量结合起来 ,因为生物量和能流的研究 ,是人工林生态系统结构和功能的研究中最主要的一环 ,是研究物质生产、物质循环和能量流动的基础。关于森林各组织器官的热值和能量的研究 ,国内外许多学者做过这方面的工作。刘世荣等 (1990 )研究了落叶松 (Larixgmelinii)林群落能量积累、分配、固定和转化的规律 ;陶金川等 (1990 )探讨了银鹊树 (Tapisciasinensis)群落的生物量和能量的现存量 ;张文其等 (1995 )对鹤山…     

春小麦、紫花苜蓿混播植物群落地上生物量季节动态

通过对小麦 +紫花苜蓿混播当年植物群落地上生物量的测定表明 :植物在生长季节 ,各类群的地上生物量有明显差异 ,地上生物量积累最多的是小麦 ,其次是杂草 ,混播当年紫花苜蓿的地上生物量很小。小麦和杂草的地上生物量季节生长速率高峰期出现在 7月下旬 ,紫花苜蓿在 8月下旬。     

不同程度退化草地生物量的分布模式

以高寒矮嵩草草甸为研究对象,分析了不同程度退化草地地下和地上生物量的变化。结果表明:地下和地上生物量随着草地退化程度的加剧而下降;地下生物量主要分布在0~10cm的范围内,随着草地退化程度的加剧,植物根系有向表层聚集的趋势;植物群落组成中,莎草和禾草地上和地下生物量均呈现下降的趋势,而杂类草则表现出逐渐增加的趋向;轻度和中度退化草地总地上生物量远低于地下生物量,重度和极度退化草地则相差较小,特别是在极度退化草地,地上生物量与地下生物量十分接近。     

东北“三大硬阔”叶片和叶轴质量分配比较

以3个树种健康复叶为试材,研究了叶内光合构件和支撑构件的生物量投资的种内种间变化规律。结果表明:水曲柳、胡桃楸和黄檗叶轴质量占复叶质量的比例分别为0.18、0.26和0.17,胡桃楸显著大于其它2个树种。跨物种尺度上,复叶大的树种需要更多的叶内支撑结构投资。但物种水平上,水曲柳叶片投资随叶增大而增大,胡桃楸则降低,黄檗基本稳定,表现出与跨物种水平上的叶片投资随叶增大而降低的普遍规律不同。今后需要加深物种水平上叶内生物量分配的异速生长的了解。     

基于生物量的冬小麦穗部主要形态参数模型

冬小麦穗部形态结构模型是功能–结构小麦模型的重要研究内容。以济麦22、泰农18和鲁原502为材料,于2013—2014和2014—2015年度开展了品种和施氮试验。结合2013—2014年数据,分析穗部主要形态参数与器官生物量的定量关系及形态参数间的内在联系,构建了冬小麦穗部主要形态结构模型。经2014—2015年小麦生长数据检验,除穗长模型精度略低外,穗宽、穗厚、颖壳长、颖壳宽、颖壳厚、籽粒长、籽粒宽和籽粒厚模型精度均较高,所建模型可较好模拟不同品种与施氮水平冬小麦穗部主要形态结构。     

Deep neural network algorithm for estimating maize biomass based on simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and leaf area index

Accurate estimation of biomass is necessary for evaluating crop growth and predicting crop yield.Biomass is also a key trait in increasing grain yield by crop breeding.The aims of this study were(i)to identify the best vegetation indices for estimating maize biomass,(ii)to investigate the relationship between biomass and leaf area index(LAI)at several growth stages,and(iii)to evaluate a biomass model using measured vegetation indices or simulated vegetation indices of Sentinel 2A and LAI using a deep neural network(DNN)algorithm.The results showed that biomass was associated with all vegetation indices.The three-band water index(TBWI)was the best vegetation index for estimating biomass and the corresponding R2,RMSE,and RRMSE were 0.76,2.84 t ha−1,and 38.22%respectively.LAI was highly correlated with biomass(R2=0.89,RMSE=2.27 t ha−1,and RRMSE=30.55%).Estimated biomass based on 15 hyperspectral vegetation indices was in a high agreement with measured biomass using the DNN algorithm(R2=0.83,RMSE=1.96 t ha−1,and RRMSE=26.43%).Biomass estimation accuracy was further increased when LAI was combined with the 15 vegetation indices(R2=0.91,RMSE=1.49 t ha−1,and RRMSE=20.05%).Relationships between the hyperspectral vegetation indices and biomass differed from relationships between simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and biomass.Biomass estimation from the hyperspectral vegetation indices was more accurate than that from the simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices(R2=0.87,RMSE=1.84 t ha−1,and RRMSE=24.76%).The DNN algorithm was effective in improving the estimation accuracy of biomass.It provides a guideline for estimating biomass of maize using remote sensing technology and the DNN algorithm in this region.     

Interactions between crop biomass and development of foliar diseases in winter wheat and the potential to graduate the fungicide dose according to crop biomass

Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass.